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0806.PR
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1993-04-23
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OFFICE OF PUBLIC INFORMATION
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA. TELEPHONE (2l3) 354-50ll
NOTE TO EDITORS: Viking Update January
26, l977
Viking project officials have completed the first in a
series
of three maneuvers with Viking Orbiter l to fly close to the
Martian
satellite Phobos and take the highest-resolution pictures
ever
received of the tiny object. Photography will be coupled
with an
infrared scan.
The near encounters between Viking Orbiter l and Phobos
will
occur from Feb. l8 to Feb. 23, and will bring the spacecraft
within 70 kilometers (43 miles) of the satellite. At that
time
scientists hope to map all of the lighted portion of Phobos.
Meanwhile, all four spacecraft -- both orbiters and
both
landers -- continue in a basically healthy condition. Minor
problems continue, but are being corrected or controlled by
the
Viking team at Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
After Viking Orbiter l completes its encounters with
Phobos,
its orbit will be changed. Project officials hope to lower
the î
point of closest approach to Mars to about 700 kilometers
(500
miles) from its present distance of about l,500 kilometers.
This
will enable Orrbiter l to join Orbiter 2 (already lowered) in
taking
higher resolution photos of Mars.
Lander science teams are also active during the Viking
Extended
Mission. Biologists completed one new cycle in the Lander l
Pyrolytic Release experiment and should have results of that
test
by early February. Plans for the biology instrument on
Lander l
-more-
-2-
call for a new pyrolytic release cycle and a labeled release
control
cycle to begin Jan. 3O. Aboard Lander 2, a pyrolytic release
cycle wll1 begin Jan. 29. The gas exchange instruments
continue
to incubate soil samples taken during the primary mission.
This week the Lander 1 soil sample collector began four
cycles
to place pebble samples in the inorganic analysis instrument.
Lander 2's inorganic analysis instrument has received a
sample
of fine grain material and is analyzing it now. î
In addition to obtaining constant meteorology data,
scientists
are planning an experiment to obtain temperatures of the
atmosphere
at varying heights above the surface. They wil1 read the
temperature
sensors on the soil sample collector head as the head is
raised
to various elevations from ground level to a maximum height
of
about three meters (lO feet).
Cameras aboard both Viking landers are watching the sky
to
see how 1ight appears to fade with the onset of Autumn in the
northern
hemisphere. They are monitoring the surface and the sky for
moving
particles, such as the dust that is expected as Mars
approaches
its closest point to the Sun.
Orbiter cameras continue to see haze in the atmosphere
almost
everywhere they look. Scientists believe this obscuration
may be
caused by a combination of water-ice crystals and carbon
dioxide crystal
in the thin Martian atmosphere. Viking officials plan to
contact
the Planetary Patrol Program -- a group of astronomers who
monitor
-more-
î
-3-
the planets -- to see if they have observed the obscuration
through
Earth-based telescopes.
The Lander 2 seismometer has sensed a second "event."
While
scientists will not state that it is a "Marsquake," they
believe
further processing of data may confirm that. The first event
was
sensed on Nov. 4, the second on Nov. 24, 1976.
Engineers plan a final attempt to uncage the
seismometer
aboard Viking Lander 1 that failed to operate after landing
last
July 2O. They are making changes to the software and
preparing a
series of commands that they expect to execute sometime in
the next
six weeks.
Earlier plans called for lowering the periapsis of
Viking
Orbiter 1 to about 3OO kilometers (l86 mlles) above the
Martian
surface. But a problem in one of two command processors
aboard
Orbiter 1 has forced them to replan that maneuver to a
periapsis
of about 7OO kilometers (435 miles).
The problem is not new: five bad locations in the
memory
of one of two processors makes controllers reluctant to useit.
They have never performed a propulsive maneuver with only one
operating
processor. The possibility exists that, if they performed
the 3OO-
kilometer maneuver, the spacecraft might burn all its
propellant and
crash on Mars. But a burn to the 7OO kilometer orbit, even
of a
malfunction used up all the onboard propellant, would still
leave
the spacecraft in a safe, long-time orbit above the planet.
-more-
-4-
As reported more than a year ago, one oven, of three,
in
each lander's organic-analysis instrument seems to be
inoperative;
the heating elements in the oven appear to have failed. New
tests
have been completed on those ovens, and they confirm that the
heaters do not work. Scientists are proceedlng however,
with
atmospheric analyses that are not influenced by the heaters.
Viking l landed on Mars July 2O, 1976. Viking 2 landed
on
Sept. 3. The primary mission ended in early November. Theextended
mission began in mid-December and is expected to run through
May 1978.
# # # # #
NOTE: G. Calvin Broome of NASA's Langley Research Center is
Viking mission director during the extended mission replacing
James S. Martin, Jr.
806/DB--l/26/77